Present perfect tense

In Nepali, the present perfect tense is used to describe actions that have been completed in the past but have relevance to the present. The structure of the present perfect tense in Nepali typically involves the auxiliary verb “भएको छ” (bhaeko chha) for singular and “भएका छन्” (bhaeka chhan) for plural, along with a verb root.

Structure of Present Perfect Tense in Nepali

Subject + Verb Root + भएको छ(Bhayeko chha) / भएका छन्(Bhayeka chhan) + Object

Conjugation with Examples

1. First Person Singular (I)
   • Structure: मैले + Verb Root + भएको छ
   • Example: मैले खाना खाएको छु।
   • (Maile khana khāeko chhu)
   • I have eaten food.

1. First Person Plural (We)
   • Structure: हामीले + Verb Root + भएका छौ
   • Example: हामीले किताब पढेका छौ।
   • (Hāmile kitāb padheka chhau)
   • We have read the book.

1. Second Person Singular (You – informal)
   • Structure: तिमीले + Verb Root + भएको छौ
   • Example: तिमीले फिल्म हेरेको छौ।
   • (Timile film hereko chhau)
   • You have watched the movie.

1. Second Person Plural (You – formal)
   • Structure: तपाईले + Verb Root + भएको छ
   • Example: तपाईले काम गर्नु भएको छ।
   • (Tapāile kām garnu bhayeko chha)
   • You have done the work.

1. Third Person Singular (He/She/It)
   • Structure: उसले / उहाँले + Verb Root + भएको छ
   • Example: उसले घर सफा गरेको छ।
   • (Usle ghar safā gareko chha)
   • He/She has cleaned the house.

1. Third Person Plural (They)
   • Structure: उनीहरुले + Verb Root + भएका छन्
   • Example: उनीहरुले परीक्षा दिएका छन्।
   • (Uniharule parīkṣhā dieka chhan)
   • They have taken the exam.

Points to Remember

• Use “भएको छ” (bhaeko chha) for singular subjects and “भएका छन्” (bhaeka chhan) for plural subjects.
• The verb root changes based on the main verb’s meaning, but “गरेको” (gareko – for “done”), “खाएको” (khāeko – for “eaten”), and other past participles are often used in conjunction with “भएको छ” or “भएका छन्.”