Irregular verbs are verbs in English that do not follow the standard rules of conjugation for past tense and past participle forms. Instead of adding -ed to form the past tense and past participle, irregular verbs change their form in various ways. Most verbs are used in past tense & past particulars tense examples are : Past tense were/was थियो / थियो Thiyo/thiyo and past particulars been/भएको/Bha’ēkō
Some Stay the Same: Some irregular verbs have identical forms in the base, past, and past participle (e.g., “put” → “put” → “put”).
No Fixed Pattern: The changes vary, so they need to be memorized.
Key Features/मुख्य विशेषताहरु/Mukhya viśēṣatāharu:
- No fixed rule: Irregular verbs must be memorized as they do not follow a standard pattern.
- Past and past participle forms can be the same or different:
- Same: Buy → Bought → Bought
- Different: Go → Went → Gone
- Present participle is regular: Always formed by adding -ing (e.g., Driving, Feeling).
- Irregularity is limited to past forms: Base and present participle forms are predictable.
Common in English: Many of the most frequently used verbs are irregular.
Examples
| Base form | Past tense | Past Particulars |
| Go jaanu (जानु) | went gayo (गयो) | gone gayeko (गएको) |
| Eat khanu (खानु) | ate khayo (खायो) | eaten khayeko (खाएको) |
| Speak bolnu (बोल्नु) | spoke boleko (बोलेको) | spoken boleeko (बोलेको) |
| Write lekhnu (लेख्नु) | wrote lekhyo (लेख्यो) | written lekhiyeko (लेखिएको) |
| Take linu (लिनु) | took liyo (लियो) | taken liyeyeko (लिएको) |
Verb:Go (Went, Gone)
- Present Tense: I go to the market every day.
Ma harek din bajar jaanchhu. (म हरेक दिन बजार जान्छु।) - Past Simple: I went to the market yesterday.
Ma hijo bajar gaye. (म हिजो बजार गए।) - Past Participle: I have gone to the market already.
Ma bajar pahile nai gaisakeko chu. (म बजार पहिले नै गइसकेको छु।)
Verb: Eat(Ate,Eaten)
- Present Tense: She eats rice every day.
U harek din bhāt khanchha. (ऊ हरेक दिन भात खान्छ।) - Past Simple: She ate rice last night.
Ule hijo rāti bhāt khayo. (उसले हिजो राति भात खायो।) - Past Participle: She has eaten rice already.
Ule bhāt pahile nai khāisakeko chha. (उसले भात पहिले नै खाइसकेको छ।)
Verb: Write (Wrote, Written)
- Present Tense: I write a diary every night.
Ma harek rāt diary lekhchhu. (म हरेक रात डायरी लेख्छु।) - Past Simple: I wrote a letter yesterday.
Maile hijo ek patra lekhē. (मैले हिजो एक पत्र लेखे।) - Past Participle: I have written many letters.
Maile dherai patra haru lekhisakeko chu. (मैले धेरै पत्रहरू लेखिसकेको छु।)
Verb: Take (Took, Taken)
- Present Tense: He takes photos during holidays.
U chhuti mā photo khinchchha. (ऊ छुट्टीमा फोटो खिच्छ।) - Past Simple: He took a photo yesterday.
Usle hijo ek photo khinchyo. (उसले हिजो एक फोटो खिच्यो।) - Past Participle: He has taken many photos.
Usle dherai photo khichisakeko chha. (उसले धेरै फोटो खिचिसकेको छ।)
Verb: See (Saw, Seen)
- Present Tense: They see birds in the sky.
Uniharu āakashmā charā herchhan. (उनीहरू आकाशमा चरा हेर्छन्।) - Past Simple: They saw a rainbow yesterday.
Uniharu hijo indradhanush dekhe. (उनीहरूले हिजो इन्द्रेणी देखे।) - Past Participle: They have seen many rainbows before.
Uniharu dherai indradhanush haru dekhisakeka chan. (उनीहरूले धेरै इन्द्रेणीहरू देखिसकेका छन्।)
Verb: Break (Broke, Broken)
- Present Tense: The kids break toys often.
Bāchāharu dherai jasto khelna haru bhanchhan. (बच्चाहरू धेरैजसो खेलौना भाँच्छन्।) - Past Simple: He broke his phone yesterday.
Usle hijo aafno mobile bhangyo. (उसले हिजो आफ्नो मोबाइल भाँच्यो।) - Past Participle: The chair is broken.
Kursī bigri sakeko chha. (कुर्सी बिग्रिसकेको छ।)
Verb: Speak (Spoke, Spoken)
- Present Tense: She speaks three languages fluently.
Usle tīnta bhāsha ramrari bolchha. (उसले तीनवटा भाषा राम्रोसँग बोल्छ।) - Past Simple: He spoke with his teacher this morning.
Usle āja bihāna aafno gurusanga kura garē. (उसले आज बिहान आफ्नो गुरुसँग कुरा गर्यो।) - Past Participle: English has been spoken here for decades.
Yahā dashaunin dekhi angrezi bolīndai āiraheko chha. (यहाँ दशौं वर्षदेखि अंग्रेजी बोलिंदै आएको छ।)
Verb: Bring (Brought, Brought)
- Present Tense: He brings lunch to work every day.
U harek din office ma khājā lyāunchha. (ऊ हरेक दिन अफिसमा खाजा ल्याउँछ।) - Past Simple: She brought flowers for the guests.
Usle āgānta ko lagi phūlhārū lyāyo. (उसले आगन्तुकको लागि फूलहरू ल्यायो।) - Past Participle: The documents have been brought by the assistant.
Sahayak dwārā kagajharu lyāi sakeko chha. (सहायकद्वारा कागजहरू ल्याइसकेको छ।)
Verb: Run (Ran, Run)
- Present Tense: He runs very fast.
U dherai chito doudhchha. (ऊ धेरै छिटो दौड्छ।) - Past Simple: She ran in the race yesterday.
Usle hijo daud pratiyogitāma daudiyo. (उसले हिजो दौड प्रतियोगितामा दौडियो।) - Past Participle: He has run many marathons.
Usle dherai marathon haru doudhisakeko chha. (उसले धेरै म्याराथनहरू दौडिसकेको छ।)
Verb: Build (Built, Built)
- Present Tense: They build houses for the community.
Uniharu samudāya ko lagi ghar banāunchhan. (उनीहरूले समुदायको लागि घर बनाउँछन्।) - Past Simple: He built a wooden table last week.
Usle pichlo hapta ek kaath ko table banāyo. (उसले पिछलो हप्ता एक काठको टेबल बनायो।) - Past Participle: This bridge has been built recently.
Yo pul alikati samaya pahile nai banāisakeko chha. (यो पुल अलिकति समय पहिले नै बनाइसकेको छ।)
Verb: Fly (Flew, Flown)
- Present Tense: Birds fly high in the sky.
Charāharu āakashmā uchāliraheko chha. (चरा आकाशमा उड्छन्।) - Past Simple: He flew to New York last week.
Usle pichlo hapta New York ko lagi udaāyo. (उसले पछिल्लो हप्ता न्यू योर्कको लागि उड्यो।) - Past Participle: The plane has flown over the mountains.
Hawaijahāj himālay mathi udaīsakeko chha. (हवाईजहाज हिमालयमाथि उडिसकेको छ।)