In Nepali, a transitive verb is a verb that requires a direct object to complete its meaning. It is called सकर्मक क्रिया (Sakarmak Kriya) in Nepali. These verbs involve an action that is performed on something or someone.
Some examples of Transitive verbs are:
1.उसले खाना खायो। (Usle khānā khāyo.)
(He/She ate food.)
Here, “खाना (khānā)” is the object. (This means that the object is needed to complete the transitive verb.)
2. Example: उसले किताब लेख्यो। (Usle kitāb lekhyo.)
(He/She wrote a book.)
Here, “किताब (kitāb)” is the object. (Without the object, the transitive verb cannot be completed.
Key Features of Transitive Verbs in Nepali:
- They must have a direct object.
- Without the object, the sentence becomes incomplete or lacks clarity.
- They can be used in different tenses and conjugations according to the subject.
Transitive verbs either can be
- Direct object
- Indirect object
Direct object
Direct Object: The person or thing directly affected by the action of the verb.
Subject + Direct Object + Verb
1. खेल्नु (Khelnu) – To play
Example: उसले फुटबल खेल्यो।
(Usle football khelayo.) He played football.
Subject: उसले (Usle – He/She)
Direct Object: फुटबल (Football)
Verb: खेल्यो (Played)
2. खानु (Khanu) – To eat
Example: मैले खाना खाएँ।
(Maile khana khayein.) I ate food.
Subject: मैले (Maile – I)
Direct Object: खाना (Khana – Food)
Verb: खाएँ (Ate)
Indirect object
Indirect Object: The person or thing that receives the direct object or benefits from the action.
Subject + Indirect Object + Direct Object + Verb
1.दिने (Dine) – To give
Example: मैले भाइलाई किताब दिएँ।
(Maile bhailai kitab diyein.) I gave the book to my brother.
- Subject: मैले (Maile – I)
- Indirect Object: भाइलाई (Bhailai – To brother)
- Direct Object: किताब (Kitab – Book)
- Verb: दिएँ (Gave)
2. देखाउनु (Dekhaunu) – To show
Example: तिनले पाहुनालाई घर देखाए।
(Tinle pahunalai ghar dekhaye.)
- Subject: तिनले (Tinle – They)
- Indirect Object: पाहुनालाई (Pahunalai – To the guest)
- Direct Object: घर (Ghar – House)
- Verb: देखाए (Showed)
Key Points
- A direct object answers what or whom regarding the verb.
- An indirect object answers to whom, for whom, or for what regarding the action.
In Nepali, indirect objects are often followed by लाई (lai) to mark them, while direct objects can appear without such markers.
